HARRISBURG, Pa. – The explosive growth of the data centers needed to power America’s fast-rising demand for artificial intelligence and cloud computing platforms has spurred states to dangle incentives in hopes of landing an economic bonanza, but it’s also eliciting pushback from lawmakers and communities.
Activity in state legislatures – and competition for data centers – has been brisk in recent months, amid an intensifying buildout of the energy-hungry data centers and a search for new sites that was ignited by the late 2022 debut of OpenAI’s ChatGPT.
kAm|2?J DE2E6D 2C6 @776C:?8 7:?2?4:2= :?46?E:G6D H@CE9 E6?D @7 >:==:@?D @7 5@==2CD] x? D@>6 42D6D[ E9@D6 :?46?E:G6D 2C6 H:??:?8 2AAC@G2=[ 3FE @?=J 27E6C 2 7:89E @C 677@CED E@ C6BF:C6 52E2 46?E6CD E@ A2J 7@C E96:C @H? 6=64EC:4:EJ @C >66E 6?6C8J 677:4:6?4J DE2?52C5D]k^Am
kAm$@>6 DE2E6 =2H>2<6CD 92G6 4@?E6DE65 E96 :?46?E:G6D 😕 A=246D H96C6 2 962GJ :?7=FI @7 >2DD:G6 52E2 46?E6CD 92D 42FD65 7C:4E:@? H:E9 ?6:893@C:?8 4@>>F?:E:6D] x? =2C86 A2CE[ E96 7:89ED C6G@=G6 2C@F?5 E96 E9:?8D E92E E649 4@>A2?:6D 2?5 52E2 46?E6C 56G6=@A6CD D66> E@ >@DE H2?Ei =2C86 EC24ED @7 =2?5[ E2I 3C62
kAmp?5 E96:C ?665D 2C6 6IA=@5:?8 😕 D:K6i 7C@> 5@K6?D @7 >682H2EED E@ 9F?5C65D @7 >682H2EED 2?5 7C@> 5@K6?D @7 24C6D FA E@ 9F?5C65D @7 24C6D 7@C =2C86\D42=6 52E2 46?E6CD D@>6E:>6D 42==65 2 9JA6CD42=6C]k^Am
kAm(9:=6 4C:E:4D D2J 52E2 46?E6CD 6>A=@J C6=2E:G6=J 76H A6@A=6 2?5 A24< =:EE=6 =@?8\E6C> ;@3\4C62E:@? AF?49[ E96:C 25G@42E6D D2J E96J C6BF:C6 2 9F86 ?F>36C @7 4@?DECF4E:@? ;@3D E@ 3F:=5[ DA6?5 6?@C>@FD DF>D @? 8@@5D 2?5 =@42= G6?5@CD 2?5 86?6C2E6 DEC@?8 E2I C6G6?F6D 7@C =@42= 8@G6C?>6?ED]k^Am
kAmx? !6??DJ=G2?:2[ =2H>2<6CD 2C6 HC:E:?8 =68:D=2E:@? E@ 72DE\EC24< A6C>:EE:?8 7@C 52E2 46?E6CD] %96 DE2E6 😀 G:6H65 2D 2? FA\2?5\4@>:?8 52E2 46?E6C 56DE:?2E:@?[ 3FE E96C6 😀 2=D@ 2 D6?D6 E92E !6??DJ=G2?:2 😀 >:DD:?8 @FE @? 3:==:@?D @7 5@==2CD 😕 :?G6DE>6?E E92EVD =2?5:?8 😕 @E96C DE2E6D]k^Am
kAm“!6??DJ=G2?:2 92D 4@>A2?:6D E92E 2C6 :?E6C6DE65[ H6 92G6 2 =23@C 7@C46 E92E 😀 42A23=6 2?5 H6 92G6 2 =@E @7 H2E6C 2?5 ?2EFC2= 82D[” D2:5 DE2E6 #6A] tC:4 }6=D@?] Q%92E’D E96 H:??:?8 4@>3:?2E:@?] (6 ;FDE 92G6 2 3FC62F4C2E:4 AC@46DD E92E H@?’E @A6? :ED 5@@CD]”k^Am
k9bmkDEC@?8mxEVD 366? 2 3:8 J62C 7@C 52E2 46?E6CDk^DEC@?8mk^9bm
kAmz2?D2D 2AAC@G65 2 ?6H D2=6D E2I 6I6>AE:@? @? 8@@5D E@ 3F:=5 2?5 6BF:A 52E2 46?E6CD[ H9:=6 z6?EF4
kAm|:49:82? 2AAC@G65 @?6 E92E 42CC:6D D@>6 AC@E64E:@?D[ :?4=F5:?8 C6BF:C6>6?ED E@ FD6 >F?:4:A2= FE:=:EJ H2E6C 2?5 4=62? 6?6C8J[ >66E 6?6C8J\677:4:6?4J >62DFC6D 2?5 6?DFC6 E92E :E A2JD 7@C :ED @H? 6=64EC:4:EJ]k^Am
kAm$F49 E2I 6I6>AE:@?D 2C6 ?@H D@ H:56DAC625 — 23@FE E9C66 5@K6? DE2E6D 92G6 D@>6 G6CD:@? @7 :E — E92E :E 😀 G:6H65 2D 2 >FDE\92G6 7@C 2 DE2E6 E@ 4@>A6E6]k^Am
kAm“xE’D @7E6? 2 ?@?DE2CE6C :7 J@F 5@?’E 92G6 E96>[ 7@C 2E =62DE E96 9JA6CD42=6CD[” D2:5 p?5J rG6?8C@D[ H9@ 96=AD =625 E96 52E2 46?E6C AC24E:46 2E 4@>>6C4:2= C62= 6DE2E6 8:2?E y{{] “xE’D ;FDE DF49 2 >2DD:G6 :>A24E @? E96 @G6C2== DA6?5 @7 E96 52E2 46?E6C]”k^Am
k9bmkDEC@?8m+@?:?8[ 6?6C8J 7:89ED @7E6? 7CFDEC2E6 56G6=@A6CDk^DEC@?8mk^9bm
kAmx? (6DE ‘:C8:?:2[ =2H>2<6CD 2AAC@G65 2 3:== E@ 4C62E6 “>:4C@8C:5” 5:DEC:4ED 7C66 7C@> =@42= K@?:?8 2?5 6=64EC:4 C2E6 C68F=2E:@?D H96C6 52E2 46?E6CD 42? AC@4FC6 A@H6C 7C@> DE2?52=@?6 A@H6C A=2?ED]k^Am
kAmv@G] !2EC:4< |@CC:D6J[ 2 #6AF3=:42?[ 42==65 E96 3:== 9:D “=2?5>2C< A@=:4J AC@A@D2=” 7@C a_ad E@ AFE (6DE ‘:C8:?:2 “:? 2 4=2DD @7 :ED @H? E@ 2EEC24E ?6H 52E2 46?E6CD 2?5 :?7@C>2E:@? E649?@=@8J 4@>A2?:6D]”k^Am
kAm&E29 2?5 ~<=29@>2 A2DD65 =2HD E@ >2<6 :E 62D:6C 7@C 52E2 46?E6C 56G6=@A6CD E@ AC@4FC6 E96:C @H? A@H6C DFAA=J H:E9@FE 8@:?8 E9C@F89 E96 8C:5 H9:=6 |:DD:DD:AA: k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^2A?6HD]4@>^2CE:4=6^>:DD:DD:AA:\52E2\46?E6CD\2`cb32ehf_2c6`77c_`7dceb7a45g_2gQmC@==65 @FEk^2m E6?D @7 >:==:@?D @7 5@==2CD 😕 :?46?E:G6D =2DE J62C E@ =2?5 2 A2:C @7 p>2K@? 52E2 46?E6CD]k^Am
kAmx? $@FE9 r2C@=:?2[ v@G] w6?CJ |4|2DE6C D:8?65 =68:D=2E:@? 62C=:6C E9:D >@?E9 E92E 62D65 C68F=2E:@?D E@ DA665 FA A@H6C A=2?E 4@?DECF4E:@? E@ >66E 56>2?5 7C@> 52E2 46?E6CD[ :?4=F5:?8 2 >2DD:G6 u2463@@< 724:=:EJ]k^Am
kAm%96 7:?2= 3:== H2D 7@F89E 3J D@>6 =2H>2<6CD H9@ D2J E96J H@CC:65 23@FE 52E2 46?E6CD FD:?8 5:DAC@A@CE:@?2E6 2>@F?ED @7 H2E6C[ E2<:?8 FA =2C86 EC24ED @7 =2?5 2?5 7@C4:?8 C68F=2C C2E6A2J6CD E@ 7:?2?46 E96 4@DE @7 ?6H A@H6C A=2?ED]k^Am
kAm“x 5@ ?@E =:<6 E92E H6’C6 >2<:?8 4FDE@>6CD A2J 7@C EH@ A@H6C A=2?ED H96? E96J @?=J ?665 @?6[” $6?2E6 |2;@C:EJ {6256C $92?6 |2DD6J E@=5 4@==628F6D 5FC:?8 7=@@C 5632E6]k^Am
kAm$E:==[ DE2E6 $6?] #FDD6== ~EE DF886DE65 E92E 52E2 46?E6CD D9@F=5 36 G:6H65 =:<6 2?J @E96C 6=64EC:4:EJ 4FDE@>6C 3642FD6 E96J C67=64E 2 D@4:6EJ E92E 😀 “255:4E65” E@ 6=64EC:4:EJ 2?5 2C6 “7:==:?8 E92E ?665 2?5 E92E 56D:C6 @7 H92E H6 2== H2?E] p?5 H6VC6 2== 8F:=EJ @7 :E] (6’C6 2== C6DA@?D:3=6 7@C :E]”k^Am
k9bmkDEC@?8m$@>6 =2H>2<6CD 2C6 96D:E2?Ek^DEC@?8mk^9bm
kAmx? 52E2 46?E6C 9@EDA@ED[ D@>6 =2H>2<6CD 2C6 AFD9:?8 324<]k^Am
kAm{2H>2<6CD 😕 ~C68@? 2C6 25G2?4:?8 =68:D=2E:@? E@ @C56C FE:=:EJ C68F=2E@CD E@ 6?DFC6 52E2 46?E6CD A2J E96 4@DE @7 A@H6C A=2?ED 2?5 A@H6C =:?6D ?646DD2CJ E@ D6CG6 E96>]k^Am
kAmv6@C8:2 =2H>2<6CD 2C6 5632E:?8 2 D:>:=2C 3:==]k^Am
kAmx? ‘:C8:?:2[ E96 >@DE 962G:=J 56G6=@A65 52E2 46?E6C K@?6 😕 E96 &]$][ v@G] v=6?? *@F?8<:? G6E@65 2 3:== E92E H@F=5 92G6 7@C465 >@C6 5:D4=@DFC6D 7C@> 52E2 46?E6C 56G6=@A6CD 23@FE E96:C D:E6VD ?@:D6 A@==FE:@? 2?5 H2E6C FD6]k^Am
kAmx? %6I2D[ H9:49 6?5FC65 2 k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^2A?6HD]4@>^2CE:4=6^E6I2D\A@H6C\A=2?ED\@77\4C:D:D\2a3`5c4agbh3a4hg_cbe7g5e5c7bfagaQm5625=J H:?E6C 3=24<@FEk^2m 😕 a_a`[ =2H>2<6CD 2C6 HC6DE=:?8 H:E9 9@H E@ AC@E64E E96 DE2E6VD 6=64EC:4 8C:5 7C@> 72DE\8C@H:?8 52E2 46?E6C 56>2?5]k^Am
kAm{2H>2<6CD DE:== H2?E E@ 2EEC24E 52E2 46?E6CD[ 3FE 2 3:== E92E H@F=5 DA665 FA 5:C64E 9@@
kAm%9@D6 AC@G:D:@?D H@F=5 8:G6 FE:=:EJ C68F=2E@CD ?6H 2FE9@C:EJ E@ 2AAC@G6 E9@D6 28C66>6?ED 2?5 @C56C 3:8 6=64EC:4 FD6CD DF49 2D 52E2 46?E6CD E@ DH:E49 E@ 324
kAm(2=E q2F>[ E96 rt~ @7 !@H6C:?8 %6I2?D[ H9:49 C6AC6D6?ED 4@>A6E:E:G6 A@H6C A=2?E @H?6CD[ H2C?65 =2H>2<6CD E92E E9@D6 AC@G:D:@?D >:89E 36 >2<:?8 52E2 46?E6C 56G6=@A6CD 96D:E2?E E@ 5@ 3FD:?6DD 😕 %6I2D]k^Am
kAm“*@F’G6 D66? 2 =@E @7 ?6H 2??@F?46>6?ED 😕 @E96C DE2E6D 2?5 @G6C E96 =2DE D6G6C2= >@?E9D 2?5 ?@E 2D >F49 96C6 😕 %6I2D[Q q2F> E@=5 w@FD6 >6>36CD 5FC:?8 2 |2J f 4@>>:EE66 962C:?8] Qx E9:?< 6G6CJ3@5J C:89E ?@H 😀 😕 2 H2:E:?8 A2EE6C? 2?5 x H@CCJ E92E H6 4@F=5 36 =@D:?8 E@ @E96C DE2E6D H9:=6 E92E H2:E:?8 A2EE6C? 😀 92AA6?:?8]”k^Am
k9C ^m
kAmu@==@H |2C4 {6GJ @? ) 2E k2 9C67lQ9EEADi^^I]4@>^E:>6=JHC:E6CQm9EEADi^^I]4@>^E:>6=JHC:E6Ck^2m]k^Am
Copyright 2025 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed without permission.